Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common primary tumor of the kidney; it accounts for approximately 3% of newly diagnosed cancers. The incidence of venous extension to the inferior vena cava (IVC) and renal vein in RCC is markedly increased recently mostly due to the advances in diagnostic modalities. Knowledge of the tumoral stage and determination of tumor thrombus extension at the time of diagnosis is essential for prognosis and surgical planning. Nowadays abdominal ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) scanning techniques are used for the detection and staging of RCC. In this study, the accuracy of recent diagnostic tools in determination of IVC thrombus is outlined. Also the role of positron emission tomography (PET) scanning is briefly addressed.
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