Abstract
This study was conducted to compare angles physically set on the stifle joints of cadaveric limbs of dogs with the results by four different radiographic methods for stifle angle measurement. Thirteen pelvic limbs from various large breeds and skeletally-mature dogs were used. The stifles were fixed at four angles: 125°, 130°, 135° and 140°. Altogether 52 radiographs were done. Each stifle angle set on the cadaver limbs was radiographically measured using four sets of landmarks (the goniometric, long axis, eminence and kinematic methods). We found similarity between angles physically set on cadaver limbs and radiographically measured using the long axis method (P > 0.05). The goniometric method showed similarity in group of limbs with the stifle fixed at 140° (P > 0.05), and other measurements differed significantly (P < 0.05). Eminence and kinematic method measurements were different compared to the angle of fixation of the stifle on the cadaver (P < 0.05) but similar compared to each other (P > 0.05). The method of stifle joint angle measurement should be considered when comparing similar studies, and also in pre-operative measurements for some tibial osteotomies aimed at stabilizing the joint after cranial cruciate ligament rupture.
Highlights
This study was conducted to compare angles physically set on the stifle joints of cadaveric limbs of dogs with the results by four different radiographic methods for stifle angle measurement
The method of stifle joint angle measurement should be considered when comparing similar studies, and in preoperative measurements for some tibial osteotomies aimed at stabilizing the joint after cranial cruciate ligament rupture
C - angle set on cadaver limb; radiographic methods (RM) - radiographic method; The two other methods (EM and kinematic method (KM))
Summary
This study was conducted to compare angles physically set on the stifle joints of cadaveric limbs of dogs with the results by four different radiographic methods for stifle angle measurement. Each stifle angle set on the cadaver limbs was radiographically measured using four sets of landmarks (the goniometric, long axis, eminence and kinematic methods). The method of stifle joint angle measurement should be considered when comparing similar studies, and in preoperative measurements for some tibial osteotomies aimed at stabilizing the joint after cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Nisell, who described the resultant joint force as approximately parallel to the patellar ligament, based the advancement of tibial tuberosity on mechanical model analysis of the human knee (Nisell et al 1986) Based on these data, Montavon and Tepic proposed that a similar situation exists in dogs, and tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) would neutralize cranial tibiofemoral shear force in CrCL-deficient stifle joints in dogs (Montavon et al 2002; Tepic et al 2002; Tepic and Montavon 2004). The purpose of our study was to try to define radiographically repeatable anatomical landmarks which would correlate with the goniometric measurement of the stifle angle set physically on cadaver limbs. Our second aim was to compare the angles set physically on cadaver limbs with the angles measured using different radiographic methods (RM), and we assumed that the angles set on the cadavers would differ from those measured by means of RM, except the first one as mentioned above
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