Radiofrequency Ablation of Small Renal Masses: Outcomes, Complications and Effects on Renal Function

Abstract

Introduction: To describe oncological outcomes, effects on renal function and complications with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of T1 renal tumors in an 8-year experience. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of RFA in 89 consecutive patients between 2005 and 2013 was undertaken. Those with metastatic disease, incomplete follow-up, genetic pre-disposition to renal tumors and biopsy proven benign pathology were excluded, with 79 patients meeting inclusion criteria. Data was collected on demographics, oncological outcomes, complications and effects on renal function. Results: We demonstrate 94% disease-free survival at median follow-up of 29 months in a population consisting of 42 T1a and 37 T1b tumors. No disease related deaths were recorded in the follow-up period. Post-RFA decline in renal function was shown to correlate with tumor size and increased age (p = 0.0009/0.0021). Pre-existing renal impairment was a risk for post-RFA function decline (p < 0.005). Two complications were encountered in the series. Conclusion: RFA produces durable oncological outcomes in T1 tumors with a minimal effect on renal function and low risk of complications. Patients at risk of developing renal impairment can be identified from described risk factors.