Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma extended into the portal vein: Preliminary results

Abstract

Introduction We report our preliminary results of radiofrequency (RF) ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and neoplastic portal thrombus (NPT) in cirrhotic patients. Methods Ten patients (7 males and 3 females; mean age 68 yrs) with 10 HCC nodules (37–49 mm) extended into the main portal vein (MPV) underwent RF ablation. Diagnosis of NPT was achieved by fine-needle biopsy. RF ablation was performed firstly on the NPT and then on the HCC. RF ablation was considered successful when complete necrosis of the HCC and complete recanalization of the MPV were achieved. HCC necrosis was evaluated using contrast-enhanced CT. Recanalization of the portal vessels (PV) was analyzed using Color Doppler (CD). RF ablation was performed under ultrasonographic (US) guidance using a perfused electrode needle. Results Complete necrosis of the HCC with complete recanalization of the PV was observed in 7 patients (success rate: 70%). In the remaining 3, necrosis of the HCC ranged from 70% to 95%, and recanalization of the PV was not complete. No major complications occurred. In 2 cases, mild ascites and increased aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) values were observed. The follow-up ranged from 4 to 24 months; 1 and 2-year survival rates were 77% and 77%, respectively. At the last follow-up, the 7 successful patients were alive and the portal system was still patent. The 3 unsuccessful patients died within 5 months due to progressive disease. Conclusion RF ablation can destroy HCC and NPT achieving a high rate of efficacy and low rate of complications. However, to confirm these results a control group and a longer follow-up are required.