Abstract
ABSTRACTThe article presents the results of the absolute dating of 31 pre-Columbian funerary bundles excavated on the Cerro Colorado site located in the northern part of the Peruvian Central Coast, where the Chancay culture developed in the last centuries before the Spanish invasion. The typical custom in this region was to wrap the dead with textiles and a vegetal material, by which the bundle was created. The funerary bundles of the Cerro Colorado differed in terms of the complexity, quantity and quality of the materials used (especially textiles and metal ornament). Before our project, there was not a single radiocarbon (14C) date for an undisturbed Chancay tomb, which made it impossible to understand the temporal dependency between the elaborated, standard, and modest bundles. Our results finally shed light on their proper chronological position, also demonstrating that the most elaborate bundles were created between the 13th and 15th centuries.
Highlights
The article presents the results of the absolute dating of 31 pre-Columbian funerary bundles excavated on the Cerro Colorado site located in the northern part of the Peruvian Central Coast, where the Chancay culture developed in the last centuries before the Spanish invasion
The funerary bundles of the Cerro Colorado differed in terms of the complexity, quantity and quality of the materials used
The pre-Columbian Chancay culture developed in the lower Chancay and Huaura valleys between the 10th century and the second half of the 16th century
Summary
The pre-Columbian Chancay culture developed in the lower Chancay and Huaura valleys (the area locally known as the Norte Chico) between the 10th century and the second half of the 16th century This period encompasses such archaeological epochs as the Middle Horizon (MH, 700–1050 AD), the Late Intermediate Period (LIP, 1050–1470) and the Late Horizon (LH, 1470–1533), when the territory was incorporated into the Inca empire or Tawantinsuyu. Despite the Spanish Conquest that began in AD 1533, the Chancay society continued until the year of 1560, when the Colonial administration executed the process of reducciones, meaning the mandatory and violent resettlement of native communities to new, European-like cities What they were leaving behind were extensive proto-urban settlements covered with impressive architectural constructions (including pyramid with ramp palatial complexes) and huge cemeteries. Pazdur and Krzanowski are unique for their publication of some radiocarbon (14C) dates for the Chancay valley (Pazdur and Krzanowski 1991), and Brown et al (2013) published some dates for the Huaura valley fortified settlements, including the one located close to the cemetery excavated by us
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