Abstract
The radiocarbon dating of ancient ceramics is an important aspect of investigations both the radiocarbon analysis and the archaeology. The time of a making and using of pottery corresponds directly with the time of the ancient people existing. In spite on that fact that the pottery radiocarbon dating has many problems because of different sources of carbon inside pottery, there is the possibility for correct radiocarbon dating with using both the AMS technique and the conventional technique. The main problem of pottery radiocarbon dating is how to separate intrinsic pottery carbon from older geological carbon and younger carbon absorbed by pottery pores during burial. The examination of basic stages of pottery making and using gives the possibility to assess the main sources of carbon entrance to a ceramic vessel. The compositional analysis of clay and temper that had been used for pottery making should be considered. The method of the temperature control during combustion should be applied in process of the radiocarbon dating. It is very important to supply the careful chemical pretreatment of ceramics with aim to remove the older and younger contaminations. The comparison of pottery dates obtained with the relative dating according to pottery typology should use for control. The other problem of the radiocarbon dating of pottery is the reservoir effect if the freshwater and the seawater fish or seafood were used in a cooking process. If the clay has the high carbonate concentration or shells inside pot-sherds the determination of d 13C should be done after carbonate removing. The careful chemical pretreatment of ceramics must guarantee the removing of humic acids forming after burial of pot-sherds and as well as in result of food cooking. The examination of d 13C should be provided for organics from pot-sherds. The correction of radiocarbon age can be realized. If it is possible the total content of carbon should determine in pot-sherds as well. In article the
Highlights
Annotation: Paleoecological conditions were reconstructed according to ancient soils, sediments, palynology and paleozoology
The nature of middle and late Neolithic Age roughly corresponded of modern semi-desert conditions, Eneolithic Age – more humid conditions of dry steppes
Создание керамических изделий предполагает выбор подходящих сырьевых ресурсов, технику лепки и обжига
Summary
Керамика является первым искусственным материалом, который был разработан человеком. Создание керамических изделий предполагает выбор подходящих сырьевых ресурсов, технику лепки и обжига. Древняя керамика является искусственным материалом, для изготовления которого используется естественное природное сырье и технологические приемы, разработанные человеком. Центральной проблемой в исследованиях до сих пор остается, например, различие «естественных» и «искусственных» примесей в формовочной массе. Эти методы широко применяются для установления минерального состава теста и отощителя, структуры, способов формовки и обжига. В отличие от природных материалов, как отмечает Столтман [9], формовочный материал для изготовления керамики может состоять из пород различного состава и генезиса. Изменчивость в керамических стилях может быть хронологически упорядоченной. Стилистическое датирование также может быть весьма субъективно, поэтому типологическое датирование представляет собой в большей степени относительное, не абсолютное датирование, но на данный момент времени является одним из самых распространенных индикаторов определения возраста культур в рамках культурных хронологий
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