Abstract
In this article we have analyzed radioactive isotope applications in the technology of autonomous power supplies and the materials used in radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs), justified the advantage of manufacturing betavoltaic generators, compared them with other electric power sources and considered the mechanism of β −decay and positioned it among other types of nuclear transformations. We have also drawn up the basic radiation safety requirements to the materials used for the hull and the converter, analyzed some earlier designs of radioisotope betavoltaic sources and set up a list of isotopes suitable as energy sources in betavoltaic generators. Furthermore, we have analyzed methods of obtaining radioactive materials which exhibit β −decay, their basic properties and abundance in nature. In conclusion, the choice of nickel−63 isotope has been selected as preferable for betavoltaic generators due to the optimum combination of half−life, average particle energy and radiation intensity.
Highlights
In this article we have analyzed radioactive isotope applications in the technology of autonomous power supplies and the materials used in radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs), justified the advantage of manufacturing betavoltaic generators, compared them with other electric power sources and considered the mechanism of β−decay and positioned it among other types of nuclear transformations
We have drawn up the basic radiation safety requirements to the materials used for the hull and the converter, analyzed some earlier designs of radioisotope betavoltaic sources and set up a list of isotopes suitable as energy sources in betavoltaic generators
Tobita // Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
Summary
Aluminum а где N0 — число радиоактивных ядер при t = 0; λ — постоянная времени распада, характеризующая вероятность распада одного атома в единицу времени. Соотношением λ = 0,692/T1/2 постоянная времени распада связана с периодом полураспада. Другой характеристикой радиоактивных процессов является активность W, которую можно определить по формуле (5). В системе СИ единицей активности служит Беккерель (Бк), равный активности нуклида, при б. 4. Схема (а) и внешний вид (б) бета−вольтаического генератора на основе 35S [19]
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