Radioactive iodine therapy for hyperthyroidism: Our experience

Abstract

Context: Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for hyperthyroidism is safe and definitive, although, post-treatment hypothyroidism and the need for life-long thyroxine are to be expected. The optimal dose of I-131 for hyperthyroidism is still debated. Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the response rate of hyperthyroidism to RAI treatment, optimum effective dose, effect of pre-treatment with anti-thyroid medications, ophthalmopathy, and hypothyroidism incidence post RAI therapy. Subjects and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care center to look at the therapeutic practice of use of RAI in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, to determine whether the expected or desired therapeutic outcome is achieved. Seventy consecutive subjects of hyperthyroidism, treated with RAI were followed-up. Results: Grave's disease was the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. The dose of RAI ranged from 4 mCi to 17.5 mCi. Over 95% cure rate achieved with RAI dose 4-7 mCi. Hypothyroidism occurred in 52.17% cases with this dose. Goiter size significantly decreased with RAI therapy. No deterioration of eye signs observed with RAI therapy. Pre-treatment with anti-thyroid drugs had no influence on outcome. Conclusions: RAI treatment is an effective modality for definitive treatment of hyperthyroidism with long-term cure approaching 95%. Its efficacy, safety and low cost made it the preferred definitive treatment for most patients with hyperthyroidism.