Radioactive iodine: An unappreciated threat to salivary gland function.

Abstract

Thyroid cancer is an endocrine malignancy whose prevalence is increasing in the United States. Nearly 57,000 new cases of thyroid cancer are estimated to be diagnosed in 2017. The standard of care for differentiated thyroid cancer is thyroidectomy followed by ablation of thyroid remnants with high-dose radioactive iodine (131 I). Apart from thyroid glands, 131 I accumulates in cells of salivary glands and compromises its function. Xerostomia is, therefore, a frequent and often persistent complaint of patients. Despite adoption of standard preventive measures, parenchymal damage and chronic salivary dysfunction are observed in a substantial number of patients. Saliva is important for oral homeostasis, and its reduction increases the risk of oral morbidity. As differentiated thyroid cancer patients have an excellent survival rate, preservation of salivary gland function carries added significance. A focus on treatments that preserve or restore long-term salivary flow can significantly improve the quality of life of thyroid cancer survivors.