Abstract
A theoretical and practical investigation into the relation of applied waveform, voltage, and frequency of the quadrupole potential applied to the Radio-Frequency Quadrupole cooler and buncher (RFQcb) used at the ISOLDE facility and the Offline 2 facility. Non-radioactive ion beams were transported through the RFQcb over a range of quadrupole parameters to quantify beam transport efficiency via pre and post beam current measurements. Maximum beam transport was directly compared to the theoretical model of ion stability within an oscillatory quadrupolar field via the solutions of the Hill's equation (shown within this work) for each waveform applied the RFQcb and over several masses 20Ne, 40Ar, 84Kr and 131Xe. The result of this work has led to interesting findings on the beam transport dependency with the waveform, the potential to reduce the overall costs of future RFQ's, and possible molecular capture break-up options inside RFQcb structure.
Highlights
- Deuteron beam commissioning of the linear IFMIF prototype accelerator ion source and low energy beam transport N
: A theoretical and practical investigation into the relation of applied waveform, voltage, and frequency of the quadrupole potential applied to the Radio-Frequency Quadrupole cooler and buncher (RFQcb) used at the ISOLDE facility and the Offline 2 facility
Non-radioactive ion beams were transported through the RFQcb over a range of quadrupole parameters to quantify beam transport efficiency via pre and post beam current measurements
Summary
The ISCOOL RFQcb at ISOLDE and the RFQcb at Offline 2 are structurally identical [9], they are both 80 cm linear Paul traps [11] filled with low pressure helium (< 0.1 mbar) injected 2/3 along the length of the poles towards the injection region. The injection and extraction assemblies are a series of charged electrodes to decelerate and focus the injected ions into the quadrupole region, and post transport, the extraction assembly re-accelerates the beam to the downstream beam energy of the ion source (see figure 2). These assemblies and their influence on the transport over the RFQcb have been ignored in the mathematical approach to stability and instead focuses on the transport within the trap. The matching of these assemblies can significantly alter the transport efficiency over the entire RFQcb and care has been taken to minimise their influence on this study at Offline 2 (see section 3.1)
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