Abstract
A radio frequency characterization of a split-ringed, electro-optical modulator (EOM) is provided herein. This characterization is given in terms of electromagnetic simulation data, as obtained from a finite-difference, time-domain code, and a lumped element circuit model. The simulation data provides insight into the field structure within the cavity; the circuit model provides a simple, yet accurate set of design and analysis formulas that relate resonant frequency, voltage levels and power levels to the geometrical and material parameters of the cavity. To validate the claims made from the simulation data and circuit model, experimental data is also provided and a favorable comparison among all data sets is shown. It is concluded that the cavity under consideration can be made to resonate at low frequencies, without increasing the overall size of the cavity. Even though the price in doing so is a reduction in cavity Q and electro-optical crystal voltage, this split-ringed EOM is well suited to an efficient thermal management scheme. Guidance is given on how to optimize the cavity in terms of voltage, Q, power levels, and voltage levels.
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