Radical Directed Dissociation for Facile Identification of Iodotyrosine Residues Using Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Iodination of tyrosine residues in proteins has many uses in chemistry, biology, and medicine. Site specific identification of the sites of iodination is important for many of these uses. Reported herein is a facile method employing photodissociation and mass spectrometry to localize sites of iodination in whole proteins. Absorption of ultraviolet photons by iodotyrosine results in loss of iodine via homolytic bond dissociation. The resulting protein radical fragments in the vicinity of the iodotyrosine upon collisional activation. Analysis of the fragments within the vicinity of each tyrosine residue in the protein enables quantitative evaluation of the likelihood for iodination at each site. The results are compared with both traditional bottom up and top down mass spectrometric methods. Radical directed dissociation yields results in agreement with traditional approaches but requires significantly less effort and is inherently more sensitive. One limitation occurs when multiple tyrosine residues are in close proximity, in which case the extent of iodination at each residue may be difficult to determine. This limitation is frequently problematic for traditional approaches as well.