Radiative properties of neutral germanium obtained from excited-state lifetime and branching-ratio measurements and comparison with theoretical calculations

Abstract

Using time-resolved UV laser-induced fluorescence from a laser-produced plasma, natural radiative lifetimes have been measured for 21 levels of Ge I belonging to the odd-parity $4p4d,4p5d,$ and $4p6s$ configurations. Stimulated Brillouin scattering in water has allowed us to compress Nd:YAG laser pulses pumping a dye laser (where YAG denotes yttrium aluminum garnet), thus yielding 1-ns tunable laser pulses to enable accurate measurements of short lifetimes. Branching ratios of Ge I have been measured by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry, the intensity calibration being performed by means of Ar lines emitted by a hollow-cathode lamp. The experimental lifetimes and branching ratios have been combined in order to provide a set of accurate transition probabilities for the $4p\ensuremath{-}5s$ and $4p\ensuremath{-}4d$ transitions. A relativistic Hartree-Fock calculation, taking configuration-interaction and polarization effects into account, has been combined with a least-squares optimization procedure of the Slater and spin-orbit integrals in order to test the ability of this approach to correctly predict radiative properties of the group-IV elements. Good agreement between experimental and theoretical transition probability values has been achieved for most of the transitions considered.