Radiative and Darcy-Forchheimer hybrid nanofluid flow over an inclined stretching surface due to nonlinear convection and homogeneous heterogeneous reactions

Abstract

ABSTRACT The investigation to improve renewable energy resources is the main target of many scientists in the current decade. The current research aims to inspect the new theory of tri-hybrid nanofluids called ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over an inclined plate with nonlinear convection. The flat plate geometry is widely used in solar panels. The three types of nanoparticles (CuO, MgO, and Multy walled carbon nanotubes MWCNTs) are uniformly dispersed in the base fluid of water with different thermophysical and chemical properties. The homogenous and heterogeneous reactions are also countered in the flowing outline. The flow medium is considered porous including the Darcy-Forchheimer theory. The equations that govern the motion, energy and homogeneous heterogeneous reactions of the ternary hybrid nanofluid are treated with the similarity transformation. The transformed equations are solved through the semi-numerical method called the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The comparative analysis of the single, double, and triple nanoparticles are examined and the % enhancement in the heat transfer rate is calculated. The outcomes of the obtained results illustrate that the ternary hybrid nanofluids are more effective to improve the heat transfer rate as associated with the common fluids.