Abstract
The objective of this study to estimate the Radiation Use Efficiency under effect of three levels of nitrogen (N1 = 80 Kg N ha-1, N2 =120 Kg N ha-1, and N3=160 Kg N ha-1) for a set of maize hybrids include (Gloria, Market, Cruze and Draxma) in two different seasons in spring and fall of 2017 in Qlyasn-Sulaimani. The experiment was conducted using split plot design with three replicates . The results revealed higher intensity of PAR in autumn season than that of spring (15.672 and 10.555)MJm-2d-1 respectively that led to higher RUE in autumn revealing (4.311,3.546, and 4.702)g MJ-1 m-2 under the effect of (N1,N2, and N3) respectively, while the results of the autumn were higher (5.237, 4.681, and 6.019) g MJ-1 m-2 under the same levels of nitrogen fertilization, the highest application of nitrogen was more effective in autumn. The RGR and the rate of total dry matter accumulation were higher in autumn season displaying positive performance of studied maize hybrids to the higher intercepted of solar energy as well higher temperature.
Highlights
Crop Productivity has often been found to be linearly related to the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intercepted and absorbed by crops, When PAR is absorbed by cells containing chloroplasts
radiation use efficiency (RUE) differs between crops (4, 22, 28 ), with plant nitrogen situation [3, 5, 27] and with growth stages of the crop cycle, especially, the variability of RUE in different growth effectively during the crop life cycle and to variation in photosynthetic properties of the plant canopy [35].Canopy photosynthesis relation to the nitrogen content of leaves is the distribution of solar radiation in a canopy in relation to the light gradient in such a way that daily canopy photosynthesis is optimized in relation to light [7], there is a linear relationship between daily canopy photosynthesis and interclepted PAR [3, 10]
Growth and development of investigating maize hybrids incorporated in accumulation of dry matter were varied according to their responses to climatic conditions of both growing season, especially the photosynthetic efficiency that correlated to the intensity of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)
Summary
Crop Productivity has often been found to be linearly related to the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intercepted and absorbed by crops, When PAR is absorbed by cells containing chloroplasts. The efficiency of photosynthesis can be defined as the ratio of energy stored in the form of carbohydrates to the absorbed radiant energy [17] The slope of this relationship is the radiation use efficiency (RUE), especially in crops where growth is not limited by water or nutrient shortage, or by other adverse climatic conditions that may decrease RUE ( 11, 24 , 25 , 26 , 30 ). The radiation use efficiency varies through the crop growing season, differences in RUE ascribe to differences in the rate of photosynthesis and the net assimilation rate produced [24]. MATERIALS AND METHODS The efficiency of using radiation by four maize hybrids under influence of three levels of nitrogen fertilizer was studied in two different climatic conditions.
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