Abstract
Experimental evidence for phosphorus segregation and chromium depletion at grain boundaries in steels is presented. Theories for irradiation-induced inter-granular segregation are described. Non-equilibrium (NES) and rate theory approaches have similar success in predicting phosphorus behaviour in the practically important temperature range although site competition and microstructural effects are better accounted for by the NES theory. NES theory predicts chromium behaviour reasonably well but there is a need to consider site competition more closely in relation to large atom effects from elements like Zr and Hf. The need for better data on diffusion constants and point defect-impurity binding energy is emphasised.
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