Radiation effects on potential number of grains per spike and biomass partitioning in two- and six-rowed near isogenic barley lines

Abstract

The critical period for yield determination in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) is situated in the pre-heading phases. During the latest part of the critical period one of the most important yield components (i.e. the number of grains per spike) is set in two- and six-rowed barley. In wheat, much is known about the role of the spike in assimilate acquisition for the establishment of grains per spike, but not in barley. This paper evaluates how biomass partitioning between vegetative and reproductive organs impacts floret development and primordia survival in response to radiation during different periods in the crop cycle, in barley lines. Field experiments were carried out using two- and six-rowed near isogenic barley lines differing only in spike type. Shading treatments were applied at different periods during the crop cycle (from 60 to 15 days before and after heading) reducing the intercepted radiation (ca. 70%). Dynamics of floret primordia initiation and mortality and of floret development for different spikelet positions along the spike were measured, and biomass partitioning between vegetative and reproductive structures was calculated. Pre-heading shading reduced fertile florets per spike ( P < 0.001). In the immediate pre-heading treatment, distal floret primordia could not reach a fertile floret stage due to a low rate of floral development. The amount of assimilates partitioned to the spike at heading affected the number of fertile florets per spike in both barley types. However, when spike biomass at heading was corrected by nitrogen concentration, the fitness of the relationship did not improve in relation to the first one. In relative terms, radiation restrictions during the immediate pre-heading phase increased the amount of biomass partitioned to the growing spike.