Abstract

Three kinds of Bi-related materials co-doped silica optical fibers (BRDFs), including Bi/Al, Bi/Pb, and Bi/Er co-doped fibers, were fabricated using atomic layer deposition (ALD) and modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD). Then, the effect of irradiation on the optical properties of BRDFs was investigated. The experimental results showed that the fluorescence intensity, the fluorescence lifetime of BRDFs at the 1150 nm band, increased significantly with low-dose treatment, whereas it decreased with a further increase in the radiation dose. In addition, the merit Mα values of the BRDFs, a ratio of useful pump absorption to total pump absorption, decreased with an increase of the radiation doses. The Verdet constants of different doped fibers increased up to saturation level with increases in the radiation dose. However, for a Bi-doped fiber, its Verdet constant decreased and the direction of Faraday’s rotation changed under low-dose radiation treatment. In addition, the Verdet constant increase of the Bi-doped silica fiber was much faster than that of other single mode fiber (SMF) and Pb-doped silica fibers treated with high-dose radiation. All of these findings are of great significance for the study of the optical properties of BRDFs.

Highlights

  • The optical properties of bi-related materials co-doped silica optical fibers (BRDFs) that are influenced by irradiation are investigated, including luminescence, lifetime decay, magnetic-optical, and unsaturable absorption, and the changes in these optical properties are compared

  • For Bi-related materials co-doped silica optical fibers (BRDFs), irradiation significantly improves their optical properties, which mainly accounts for the variation in the valence states of Bi (Bi5+, Bi2+, Bi+, Bi0, defect centers, Bi clusters, Bi2−2 dimers, or Bi atoms)

  • The fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetimes of the BRDFs at 1150 nm with low-dose radiation increased significantly, whereas they decreased with a further increase in the radiation dose

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Summary

Background and meaning

Bismuth oxide is an important material with many promising applications [1, 2]. In particular, bismuth-doped optical fibers, as a promising active medium for amplifying and lasing in the 1.1–1.8 μm range [3, 4], have been extensively studied, ever since their broadband near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence properties were first reported by Fujimoto et al [1]. The effects of radiation on the fluorescence properties of Bi-doped glass or optical fibers have been previously studied [12–18]. These results provide deeper insight into the nature and formation mechanism of PL [19]. The nature of the NIR fluorescence properties in Bi-doped glass or silica optical fibers is still unclear. Many studies have reported the luminescent properties of Bi co-doped fibers, there are few reports on the effect of irradiation on the optical properties of Bi-related co-doped silica optical fibers. The optical properties of bi-related materials co-doped silica optical fibers (BRDFs) that are influenced by irradiation are investigated, including luminescence, lifetime decay, magnetic-optical, and unsaturable absorption, and the changes in these optical properties are compared

Fabrication of Bi-related co-doped silica optical fibers
Effect of radiation on optical properties
Radiation effect on luminescence characteristics
Radiation effect on fluorescence lifetime
Conclusion
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