Abstract
The basic interactions occurring when very high-energy radiation passes through matter are briefly reviewed. It is concluded that the dosimetry near high-energy accelerators involves the measurements of a mixed field composed of proton, neutron, pion and gamma radiation as well as electrons and muons, all covering a very wide energy range. The methods of measuring the rem dose in these radiation fields, using existing instrumentation, falls into two categories according to the dose-rate. Above 10 mrem/hr, the tissue-equivalent ionization chamber in combination with a parallel plate chamber for quality factor measurements can be used. At lower dose-rates the sensitivity of these chambers limits their use and a system of six different instruments is required. This system enables the evaluation of the contribution to the total dose from slow and fast neutrons, high-energy particles and gamma rays. Results of measurements using both these systems are presented for measurements in beams and behind shields of the CERN 600-MeV Synchro-cyclotron and the 28-GeV Proton Synchrotron. Behind thick shields in experimental regions of the PS machine, 11–22 per cent of the total rem dose is caused by slow neutrons, 50–76 per cent by fast neutrons, 2–25 per cent by high-energy radiation, and 2–20 per cent by gamma radiation.
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