Abstract
The results of the study of graphite and carbon-graphite materials obtained in the Russian Research Center “Kurchatov Institute” during a period of fifteen years are presented. The main structural effects and changes in pyrographites, nuclear (polycrystalline) graphites and carbon-graphite materials under irradiation are investigated. Irradiation temperatures and neutron fluences have been taken from wide ranges: ≈ 500–1200°C, and ≈ (0.01–2) × 10 26 n/m 2 respectively, ( E > 0.18 MeV). The following characteristics of materials are discussed: linear and volume changes in size, lattice parameters, radiation defect parameters, pore structure evolution, Young's modulus change, etc. Particular attention is given to mechanisms, governing material radiation stability as a function of processing and irradiation conditions. The widely known effect of radiation dimensional change in irradiated graphite has been observed in the experiment. It has been demonstrated that the radiation defect parameters and magnitudes of radiation dimensional change are defined by initial sizes of graphite crystallites (for irradiation temperatures ≥ 500°C). It has been shown also that this effect determines the radiation stability in polycrystalline nuclear graphites. Distinctions in behavior of carbon-graphite materials under irradiation are shown.
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