Abstract
A thickness-shear mode acoustic wave biosensor operated within a flow-through system was used to examine the response of mouse retinal tissue to radiation. Control experiments conducted with respect to exposure of the bare gold electrodes of the device under various conditions of light intensity and bathing solution yielded reversible changes in resonant frequency (Fs) and motional resistance (Rm). The magnitude of transient changes was proportional to light intensity, but independent of solution type. These alterations in acoustic parameters were ascribed to acoustic coupling phenomena at the electrode-to-liquid interface. Pre-differentiated retina from mouse samples deposited on the thickness shear mode (TSM) electrode exposed to a high light intensity condition also exhibited reversible changes in both Fs and Rm, compared to control experiments involving a coating used to attach the tissue to the electrode. In this case, the radiation-instigated reversible responses for both acoustic parameters exhibited a reduction in magnitude. The changes are ascribed to the alteration in viscoelasticity of the retinal matrix on the TSM electrode surface. The precise biophysical mechanism responsible for the changes in Fs and Rm remains a challenge, given the complex make up of retinal tissue.
Highlights
The study of biological entities such as proteins, nucleic acids, cells, and tissue at the solid–liquid interface by acoustic wave (AW) biosensors has attracted considerable attention in recent years [1].Such fundamental studies of a population of cells, in vitro, improves our basic knowledge and can provide a pillar for understanding the function of much more complex systems, such as biological organs
The retinal tissue was exposed to a high intensity of light, with the behavior of the tissue being monitored by the thickness shear mode (TSM) sensor, with respect to frequency as well as motional resistance every 8 s
Prior to presenting the results of this work, it is useful to concisely discuss the interaction of the acoustic propagated from the TSM device into the retinal tissue layered onto the electrode surface
Summary
The study of biological entities such as proteins, nucleic acids, cells, and tissue at the solid–liquid interface by acoustic wave (AW) biosensors has attracted considerable attention in recent years [1] Such fundamental studies of a population of cells, in vitro, improves our basic knowledge and can provide a pillar for understanding the function of much more complex systems, such as biological organs. A key issue which is common to many studies involving AW devices is the necessity to attach and proliferate cells on inorganic surfaces, such as gold and silicon [2] This process often requires the use of coatings or alternative methods of surface modification in order to allow cell adhesion. A further critical factor is the necessity to operate the sensor under conditions which are capable of the maintenance of cell viability and function
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