Abstract
This paper presents estimates of radiated ship noise levels (20 Hz—1 kHz) due to commercial shipping in the Oslofjord (Norway). Data were recorded at two Networked Intelligent Underwater Sensors (NILUS) units, each equipped with an omni-directional hydrophone placed near the seabed, at water depths of 45 and 110 m, respectively. Received noise levels due to traffic in two nearby shipping lanes (ranges, 0.4–3.0 km) were for these non-ideal test site conditions processed and corrected to monopole source levels by use of the RAM propagation model with range estimates from auxiliary data, environmental input from a prior survey of the area, and a vertically distributed source model [Trevorrow et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 124(2), 767–778] to model uncertain source depth. Estimates of source spectra and of broadband source levels of cargo ships are presented and compared with deep-water measurements from the literature.
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