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Abstract
A radial wettable gradient was fabricated on the surface of graphite plate by a simple one-step anodic oxidation process. It was found that the direction and value of the wettable gradient could be easily controlled by adjusting current and oxidation time gradient. With the increase of surface temperature, droplets on surface not only exhibited the transition of boiling mode, but also showed the controlled radial spreading, evaporation and movement behaviors. These phenomena could be attributed to the cooperation of wettability force, hysteresis force and vapor pressure (Leidenfrost effect). Especially, the controlled radial convergence or divergence of droplets with high velocity were realized on the surfaces with either inside or outside radial gradient, which would have crucial applications in the design of microfluidic devices and the exploration of the biotechnology.
Highlights
The directional movement behaviors of droplets on a surface with wettable gradient exhibit important applications in the design of microfluidic devices and exploration of the biotechnology[1,2,3,4]
A circular graphite plate with radial wettable gradient was fabricated by an improved anodic oxidation
Because of the position relation of the cathode and anode, a current gradient could be formed during the oxidation process[19]
Summary
With the increase of surface temperature, droplets on surface exhibited the transition of boiling mode, and showed the controlled radial spreading, evaporation and movement behaviors These phenomena could be attributed to the cooperation of wettability force, hysteresis force and vapor pressure (Leidenfrost effect). The directional movement behaviors of droplets on a surface with wettable gradient exhibit important applications in the design of microfluidic devices and exploration of the biotechnology[1,2,3,4]. Evaporation or motion of droplets was realized due to the cooperation between the Leidenfrost effect[17,18] and the wettable gradient driving force These new phenomena would promote the development of microfluidic device and the design of heat exchanger
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