RADIAL HEAD ARTHROPLASTY USING “WIDE AWAKE LOCAL ANAESTHESIA NO TOURNIQUET” TECHNIQUE: CLINICAL REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Radial head fractures are among the most common fractures around the elbow. Radial head arthroplasty is one of the surgical treatment options after complex radial head fractures. This surgery is usually done under general anaesthesia. However, there is a recent anaesthetic technique - wide awake local anaesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) - that has proven useful in different surgical settings, such as in distal radius or olecranon fractures. It allows a good haemostatic control without the use of a tourniquet and allows the patient to actively collaborate during the surgical procedure. Furthermore, there are no side effects or complications caused by the general anaesthesia and there's an earlier patient discharge.The authors present the case of a seventy-six-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department after a fall from standing height with direct trauma to the left elbow. The radiological examination revealed a complete intra-articular comminuted fracture of the radial head (Mason III).Clinical management: The patient was submitted to surgery with radial head arthroplasty, using WALANT. The surgery was successfully completed without pain. There were no intra or immediate post-operative complications and the patient was discharged on the same day. Six weeks after surgery, the patient had almost full range of motion and was very pleased with the functional outcome, with no limitations on her activities of daily living.The use of WALANT has been expanded beyond the hand and wrist surgery. It is a safe and simple option for patients at high risk of general anaesthesia, allowing similar surgical outcomes without the intraoperative and postoperative complications of general anaesthesia and permitting an earlier hospital discharge. Furthermore, it allows the patient to actively collaborate during the surgery, providing the surgeons the opportunity to evaluate active mobility and stability, permitting final corrections before closing the incision.