Radial artery use is safe in patients with moderate to severe left ventricular dysfunction

Abstract

Background Using radial artery grafts in patients with moderate to severe left ventricular dysfunction (LVD; ejection fraction < 35%) has been discouraged for the fear that postoperative vasopressor support may cause graft spasm and lead to ischemic complications. We, therefore, examined the safety of radial grafts in aortocoronary bypass (ACB) patients with LVD. Methods Data were collected from 5,455 patients who underwent isolated ACB between January 1995 and September 2001. One thousand eight hundred three patients received a radial artery graft (RadACB), and 3,652 patients did not (NoRadACB). Three hundred seven RadACB, and 819 NoRadACB operations were performed in LVD patients. A matched (age, sex, urgency of operation, diabetes, and renal insufficiency) cohort analysis was performed in LVD patients. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were performed in the entire population and the unmatched RadACB and NoRadACB patient subgroups to examine the effect of radial artery use on postoperative death or myocardial infarction rate. Results The matched cohort analysis revealed a similar rate of death or myocardial infarction (RadACB, 11 of 242 patients; NoRadACB, 16 of 242 patients; p = 0.32). Left ventricular dysfunction was associated with a higher rate of death or myocardial infarction in both unmatched groups (RadACB, odds ratio, 2.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.38 to 4.58; p = 0.004; NoRadACB, odds ratio, 1.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.18 to 2.24; p < 0.001) and in the entire population (odds ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.32 to 2.35; p = 0.003). An interaction term for patients with LVD and a radial artery graft, which was forced into the logistic regression model for the entire population, was not predictive of death or myocardial infarction (odds ratio, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.75 to 3.10; p = 0.25). Conclusions Left ventricular dysfunction carries similar risk for postoperative death or myocardial infarction in RadACB and NoRadACB patients. The presence of LVD in isolation is not a contraindication to the use of radial grafting.