Racial differences in minimum lower leg vascular resistance in normotensive young adults with positive and negative parental histories of hypertension.

Abstract

To determine whether peripheral hemodynamic differences exist in young adult normotensive African Americans and white Americans with a positive and negative parental history of hypertension. The participants were healthy men of whom 13 were African Americans and nine white Americans with a positive parental history and 19 were African Americans and 13 white Americans with a negative parental history. Lower leg blood flows were obtained at rest and during reactive hyperemia. Lower leg minimum vascular resistance (Rmin) was computed from reactive hyperemic blood flow measured by venous occlusion plethysmography, and mean arterial blood pressure was determined by auscultation of the brachial artery. Resting blood flow and mean arterial pressure were similar in all groups. A significant race x parental history interaction effect was observed for lower leg Rmin. In the white men the lower leg Rmin was significantly greater in the positive than the negative parental group (P < 0.05). Lower leg Rmin was significantly greater in African Americans than in white men without a parental histoy (P < 0.05). Mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were similar among the groups. This study demonstrates that lower leg Rmin is greater in young white men with a positive parental history of hypertension than those with a negative parental history. In African Americans with either positive or negative parental histories, lower leg Rmin is not different. This finding suggests that heredity may have a greater influence in white populations than in African Americans on the structural changes in resistance vessels. The study also suggests that African Americans have an earlier structural change in the resistance vessels compared with white people, regardless of a parental history of hypertension. This suggests that factors other than heredity are of importance in changing the structure of the resistance vessels.