Abstract
Prostate cancer affects African Americans disproportionately by exhibiting greater incidence, rapid disease progression, and higher mortality when compared to their Caucasian counterparts. Additionally, standard treatment interventions do not achieve similar outcome in African Americans compared to Caucasian Americans, indicating differences in host factors contributing to racial disparity. African Americans have allelic variants and hyper-expression of genes that often lead to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, possibly contributing to more aggressive tumors and poorer disease and therapeutic outcomes than Caucasians. In this review, we have discussed race-specific differences in external factors impacting internal milieu, which modify immunological topography as well as contribute to disparity in prostate cancer.
Highlights
Cancer-associated racial disparities have been recognized by the scientific community since the early 1970s
Contradicting studies about significant difference in serum testosterone levels between AA and Caucasian Americans (CAs) men exist [111,112]. This signifies the importance of studying androgen independency observed in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)
This implies that AAs have a more immunosuppressive environment compared to CA, which may contribute to disparity in prostate cancer (PCa)
Summary
Cancer-associated racial disparities have been recognized by the scientific community since the early 1970s. Several inter-related factors, such as socio-economic status (SES), lifestyle, and various cultural aspects influence biology and physiology These factors together affect the probability and course of disease progression, while differences in these aspects maintain race-specific gaps in incidence, progression and therapeutic outcomes of cancer. Worldwide incidence of PCa has been suggested to be highest in African and Jamaican men [11,12]; this observed disparity is likely attributed to predisposed genetic susceptibility. This emphasizes the significance of addressing the differences in host factors in improving our understanding of this multifactorial issue. In this review, we discuss the race specific differences in host factors, which define the immunological landscape in PCa, and their impact on PCa racial disparity
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
