Racial and ethnic disparities in unmet need for mental health care among children: A nationally representative study.

Abstract

There is a dearth of large, nationally representative studies that examine racial/ethnic disparities in self-reported unmet need for mental health care among children and youth. This study assessed racial/ethnic disparities in unmet need for mental health care, use of psychotropic medication, and reasons for forgone care among children and youth. This nationally representative cross-sectional study analyzed data from the combined 2016-2020 National Survey of Children's Health (n = 151,876). Bivariate statistics and multivariable logistic regression models assessed the association between race/ethnicity, unmet need for mental health care, and use of psychotropic medication. Reasons for forgone care were also examined. Black non-Hispanic children and youth had approximately twice the odds of unmet mental health care needs (AOR, 1.97; 95% CI 1.53-2.55) as White non-Hispanic children and youth. The likelihood of reporting that it was not possible to see a mental health professional was higher for Black non-Hispanic (AOR, 3.39; 95% CI 1.64-7.01) and Multi-racial/Other non-Hispanic children and youth (AOR, 2.96; 95% CI 1.40-6.25) compared with White non-Hispanic peers. Black non-Hispanic, Hispanic, and Multi-racial/Other non-Hispanic children and youth were also less likely to use psychotropic medication (p < 0.001). Common reasons for forgoing care included cost, problems getting an appointment, and lack of transportation or childcare. This study found significant racial/ethnic disparities in unmet mental health care, psychotropic medication use, and barriers in accessing mental health care. Data from this study suggest that eliminating these disparities requires policy interventions that address medical and societal barriers to health care access and quality.