Abstract
In French Guiana, from 1984 to 2011, 14 animal rabies cases and 1 human rabies case (2008) were diagnosed. In January 2011, vampire-bat attacks occurred in 2 isolated villages. In mid-January, a medical team from the Cayenne Centre for Anti-Rabies Treatment visited the sites to manage individuals potentially exposed to rabies and, in April, an anti-rabies vaccination campaign for dogs was conducted. Twenty individuals were bitten by bats in 1 month, most frequently on the feet. The median time to start management was 15 days. The complete Zagreb vaccination protocol (2 doses on day 0 and 1 dose on days 7 and 21) was administered to 16 patients, 12 also received specific immunoglobulins. The antibody titration was obtained for 12 patients (different from those who received immunoglobulins). The antibody titers were ≥0.5 EU/mL for all of them. The serology has not been implemented for the 12 patients who received immunoglobulins. Accidental destruction of a vampire-bat colony could be responsible for the attacks. The isolation and absence of sensitization of the populations were the main explanations for the management difficulties encountered. Sensitization programs should be conducted regularly.
Highlights
A deadly viral zoonosis distributed worldwide, rabies is responsible for about 55,000 deaths annually, mainly in Asia and Africa [1]
In 2004, for the first time in Latin America, more human rabies cases were transmitted by vampire bats than dogs [6]
In Brazil, which abuts French Guiana, 10–30 cases were declared annually from 1995 to 2004 [7] and, in 2005, the majority of the 60 human rabies cases transmitted by bats notified in Latin America occurred in northern Brazil, notably in Paraand Maranhao states, which are close to French Guiana [8,9]
Summary
A deadly viral zoonosis distributed worldwide, rabies is responsible for about 55,000 deaths annually, mainly in Asia and Africa [1]. The lyssaviruses circulating in the Americas are all rabies virus (RABV) species [3,4,5]. In 2004, for the first time in Latin America, more human rabies cases were transmitted by vampire bats than dogs [6]. In Brazil, which abuts French Guiana, 10–30 cases were declared annually from 1995 to 2004 [7] and, in 2005, the majority of the 60 human rabies cases transmitted by bats notified in Latin America occurred in northern Brazil, notably in Paraand Maranhao states, which are close to French Guiana [8,9]. In Suriname, northwest of French Guiana, the last human desmodin-type rabies epidemic was reported in 1975, and a bat-transmitted case was declared in 1998 [6]
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