Rabeprazole in the treatment of duodenal ulcer desease and functional dyspepsia

Abstract

The review aims to provide a contemporary view of the pathogenesis and treatment of the most common duodenum diseases – duodenal ulcer disease (DUD) and functional dyspepsia (FD). Due to its unique structure and functions, the duodenum that anatomically represents the initial section of the small intestine differentiates itself from others. The prevalence of DUD is declining in many Western countries due to the widespread introduction of effective anti-Helicobacter therapy and a significant decrease in the prevalence of H pylori infection. However, the ideas about the poly-biological nature of DUD persists and additional risk factors continue to be studied. DUD is manifested by pain/burning feeling in the epigastric region, as well as by symptoms such as early satiety, epigastric filling after eating in the absence of obvious organic changes in the digestive system. The diagnosis of FD is based on the Rome IV criteria. The duodenum plays an important role in its pathogenesis (disorders of gastric accommodation, motor and visceral hypersensitivity). Most patients with FD have microscopic signs of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the postbulbar part of the duodenum - an increased amount of intraepithelial lymphocytes, eosinophils, and signs of increased permeability of the mucous membrane. In all likelihood, these changes are provoked by infection and / or nutritional factors, as well as by exposure to hydrochloric acid. Proton pump inhibitors (prokinetics in postprandial distress syndrome) form the basis of treatment of peptic ulcer and epigastric pain syndrome; all patients with DUD and dyspepsia syndrome infected with H. pylori receive antihelicobacter therapy. Rabeprazole that is characterized by a long and powerful effect and minimal interaction with the cytochrome 2C19 system stands out from the proton pump inhibitors. Conclusion: acid aggression plays a very important role in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcers diseases and FD; proton pump inhibitors form the basis for the treatment of such patients both in the form of monotherapy and as part of eradication regimens.