Abstract
BackgroundAdvances in regenerative medicine technologies have been strongly proposed in the management of thyroid diseases. Mechanistically, the adoption of thyroid bioengineering requires a scaffold that shares a similar three-dimensional (3D) space structure, biomechanical properties, protein component, and cytokines to the native extracellular matrix (ECM).Methods24 male New Zealand white rabbits were used in this experimental study. The rabbit thyroid glands were decellularized by immersion/agitation decellularization protocol. The 3D thyroid decellularization scaffolds were tested with histological and immunostaining analyses, scanning electron microscopy, DNA quantification, mechanical properties test, cytokine assay and cytotoxicity assays. Meanwhile, the decellularization scaffold were seeded with human thyroid follicular cells, cell proliferation and thyroid peroxidase were determined to explore the biocompatibility in vitro.ResultsNotably, through the imaging studies, it was distinctly evident that our protocol intervention minimized cellular materials and maintained the 3D spatial structure, biomechanical properties, ECM composition, and biologic cytokine. Consequently, the decellularization scaffold was seeded with human thyroid follicular cells, thus strongly revealing its potential in reinforcing cell adhesion, proliferation, and preserve important protein expression.ConclusionsThe adoption of our protocol to generate a decellularized thyroid scaffold can potentially be utilized in transplantation to manage thyroid diseases through thyroid bioengineering.
Highlights
Advances in regenerative medicine technologies have been strongly proposed in the management of thyroid diseases
From our extraction and quantification of the DNAs, it distinctly showed that DNA concentration in decellularized thyroid gland (DTG) scaffolds was significantly lower than the native thyroid gland
We revealed that agitation frequency at 100 rpm was the optimum condition for the decellularization of the thyroid which was consistent with the agitation frequency in Khosroshahi et al study [25]
Summary
Advances in regenerative medicine technologies have been strongly proposed in the management of thyroid diseases. Several diseases have been associated with the thyroid gland and causes various medical conditions. These diseases can be either congenital, such as congenital hypothyroidism (pediatric condition), that affects the intelligence development and impairs physical growth, or be an acquired condition, such as thyroid cancer, surgery, and trauma [1, 2]. The main treatments for hypothyroidism are hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and thyroid gland transplantation [3, 4]. Thyroid hormone overdose or deficiency can be the major problem of HRT with the possibility of inducing cardiovascular diseases. Associated and critical limitations with thyroid gland transplantation are lack of donor organs, chronic immune rejection, and lasting immune suppression [5, 6]. The adoption of tissue engineering (TE) techniques may provide a promising therapeutic alternative that can create viable biomaterials for the thyroid gland
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