Abstract
he chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 play an important role as coreceptors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entring into cells. HIV-1 isolates can be distinguished by the chemokine coreceptors. Nonsyncytium inducing (NSI), macrophage tropic viruses utilizing CCR5, are called R5 viruses; syncytium inducing (SI) isolates use CXCR4 and known as X4 viruses. R5 viruses generally are associated with latent stage of infection and X4 viruses with later, more severe stages of infection. This phenotypic switch from R5 to X4 correlated with the decreased CD4
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