Abstract
Visa Policy Allocating permanent residency visas on the basis of per-country quotas rather than demand for skilled workers caused delays that led many Chinese and Indian STEM Ph.Ds to give up and take their talents home instead of staying in the United States. Kahn and MacGarvie show that delays in processing EB-2 visas disproportionately affected retention in fields that have driven economic growth and in which U.S.-born talent cannot satisfy industry demand, such as electrical and computer engineering. They also show that improvements in the quality of scientific enterprise in the individuals' home countries influenced decisions to leave the United States. Res. Policy 10.1016/j.respol.2019.103879 (2019).
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