Abstract
This paper reviews quorum systems (QS) from the perspective of cognitive radio networks. Quorum systems were originally developed for and widely used in the scope of operating systems. Recently, quorum systems have been also started to be applied to wireless communications. The objective of this paper is threefold. First, the paper provides survey and guidance on the use of quorum systems. Second, it shows that QS properties provide an interesting alternative towards an asynchronous communication in cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRANs). Due to properties of quorum systems it is possible to establish CRANs without employing a common control channel (CCC), perfect synchronization, or central controller architecture. QS properties can be efficiently utilized to handle the rendezvous (RDV) problem in CRANs. New RDV protocols must be designed in such a way that there is a guarantee that all nodes meet periodically within reasonable periods of time. Since pseudorandom solutions do not provide this guarantee, systematic approaches are needed such as QSs. Third, we also propose a novel distributed RDV protocol, MtQS-DSrdv, which is based on mirror torus QS and difference set concepts. The proposed protocol guarantees RDVs on all available channels while CR nodes have the same channel set.
Highlights
The concept of quorum systems (QSs) is presented [1] in the context of operating systems
We aim to show that a common control channel (CCC) or a strict synchronization between CR nodes can be substituted by other techniques
AMOCH is not based on QSs, but it is designed in such a way that the Rotation Closure Property (RCP) of QSs is satisfied; we find it relevant for our review
Summary
The concept of quorum systems (QSs) is presented [1] in the context of operating systems. PUs have the exclusive right to certain spectrum bands, whereas SUs (Cognitive Radio users) have only an opportunistic spectrum access They can temporarily use a licensed band (overlay spectrum sharing [9]), but the appearance of a PU means they must vacate immediately the occupied band. A blind date, so-called rendezvous (RDV) problem, in CRANs refers to the ability of two or more nodes/radios to meet each other in the same channel. In this work we present new approaches to construct a torus quorum in a different way than the standard (forward) one [11], namely, backward [12] and mirror tQS [13], both from our previous work. Afterwards (Section 4), we address a rendezvous issue pointing out the common control channel problems.
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