Abstract

Abstract Khirbet Qumran is a small ruined settlement on the northwest shore of the Dead Sea (Israel) excavated soon after the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls in 1947. It was occupied mainly during the Greco‐Roman period (ca. 150 bce –68 ce ) by the community generally identified with the Essenes. The settlement is highly structured and consists of many different rooms, a pottery production center, an elaborate water system, and a nearby cemetery with more than a thousand ancient Jewish and nineteenth to twentieth century Bedouin graves.

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