Abstract
Quinolones comprise a series of synthetic bactericidal agents with a broad spectrum of activity and good bioavailability. An important feature of these molecules is their capacity to bind metal ions in complexes with relevant biological and analytical applications. Interestingly, lanthanide ions possess extremely attractive properties that result from the behavior of the internal 4f electrons, behavior which is not lost upon ionization, nor after coordination. Subsequently, a more detailed discussion about metal complexes of quinolones with lanthanide ions in terms of chemical and biological properties is made. These complexes present a series of characteristics, such as narrow and highly structured emission bands; large gaps between absorption and emission wavelengths (Stokes shifts); and long excited-state lifetimes, which render them suitable for highly sensitive and selective analytical methods of quantitation. Moreover, quinolones have been widely prescribed in both human and animal treatments, which has led to an increase in their impact on the environment, and therefore to a growing interest in the development of new methods for their quantitative determination. Therefore, analytical applications for the quantitative determination of quinolones, lanthanide and miscellaneous ions and nucleic acids, along with other applications, are reviewed here.
Highlights
Quinolones comprise a series of synthetic bactericidal agents with a broad spectrum of activity and good bioavailability [1,2], characteristics that make them suitable candidates for treating infectious diseases with various localizations: cutaneous, urinary, respiratory, bone, gastrointestinal, etc. [3].The starting point in the development of quinolones was the synthesis of nalidixic acid byG.Y
Numerous modifications have been brought to the nalidixic acid scaffold, which have resulted in a broader antibacterial spectrum, a different mode of binding to the plasmatic proteins and a longer half-time; significant changes have been obtained by the attachment of the fluorine atom in position 6 and a piperazine ring in position 7
Based on their chemical structures, these derivatives can be divided into four classes (Figure 1c): naphtyridine, cinnoline, pyridopyrimidine and 4-quinolone
Summary
Quinolones comprise a series of synthetic bactericidal agents with a broad spectrum of activity and good bioavailability [1,2], characteristics that make them suitable candidates for treating infectious diseases with various localizations: cutaneous, urinary, respiratory, bone, gastrointestinal, etc. [3]. Numerous modifications have been brought to the nalidixic acid scaffold, which have resulted in a broader antibacterial spectrum, a different mode of binding to the plasmatic proteins and a longer half-time; significant changes have been obtained by the attachment of the fluorine atom in position 6 (fluoroquinolones) and a piperazine ring in position 7. Is coordinated by two oxygen atoms from the quinolone molecules and four water molecules, in an octahedral arrangement (Figure 2) [19] This process emphasizes the crucial importance of the 4-oxo (carbonyl) group for the antibacterial activity of quinolones
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary 
Published Version (
Free)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
