Quiescent Optical Solitons for the Concatenation Model with Nonlinear Chromatic Dispersion

Abstract

This paper recovers quiescent optical solitons that are self-sustaining, localized wave packets that maintain their shape and amplitude over long distances due to a balance between nonlinearity and dispersion. When a soliton is in a state of quiescence, it means that it is stationary in both space and time. Quiescent optical solitons are typically observed in optical fibers, where nonlinearity and dispersion can lead to the formation of solitons. The concatenation model is considered to understand the behavior of optical pulses propagating through nonlinear media. Here, we consider the familiar nonlinear Schrödinger equation, the Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel equation, and the Sasa–Satsuma equation. The current paper also addresses the model with nonlinear chromatic dispersion, a phenomenon that occurs in optical fibers and other dispersive media, where the chromatic dispersion of the material is modified by nonlinear effects. In the presence of nonlinearities, such as self-phase modulation and cross-phase modulation, the chromatic dispersion coefficient becomes a function of the optical intensity, resulting in nonlinear chromatic dispersion. A full spectrum of stationary optical solitons, along with straddled stationary solitons, are obtained. There are four integration schemes that made this retrieval possible. The numerical simulations are also included for these solitons. The parameter constraints also indicate the existence criteria for these quiescent solitons.