Abstract
Abstract Models of complex fracture networks created by hydraulic fracturing stimulation have been developed to analyze fracture network growth and proppant placement, mostly for wells drilled into shale gas or tight sand gas reservoirs. However, there is still a lack of quick solutions for estimating the rate of production from these wells analytically. This paper presents a few simplified analytic well production models developed recently based on the laws of mass and momentum conservation, including: The relative magnitude of pressure drops along fractures and across shale formation The effect of a damaged fracture surface layer on production Solutions for gas flow from reservoir formation into a fracture or parallel fractures with transient fracture fluid pressure Scaling of the rate of this flow with time and fracture spacing Coupling of fluid flows from reservoir formation into and along fractures of a complex hydraulic fracture network The models were validated against numerical simulations using a commercial simulator for gas production from a single planar fracture, a cluster of parallel fractures and a wiremesh fracture network. These analytical models provide fast and convenient tools for fracturing job design and post-job analysis of hydraulic fracturing stimulation. They may also find potential applications to broader areas.
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