Queue and Priority-Aware Adaptive Duty Cycle Scheme for Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks

Bashir A Muzakkari,Mohamad A Mohamed,Mohd F A Kadir,Mustafa Mamat

doi:10.1109/access.2020.2968121

Bashir A Muzakkari, Mohamad A Mohamed + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2968121

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Abstract

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), energy efficiency is a fundamental issue that requires attention in the design of communication protocols. Energy waste occurs as a result of collision and idle listening. The widely used mechanism for energy saving in WSN is duty cycling. Duty cycling coordinates the sleep/wake-up time of sensor nodes to maximize the network lifetime while achieving specific application goals such as high throughput or low latency. Most existing works focused more on static duty cycle, which cannot guarantee the desired end-to-end delay at varying network conditions. In applications with specified delay requirements, the duty cycle of every node should be adjusted separately at runtime depending on the network conditions to achieve the desired delay and energy efficiency. In this paper, we present an Energy Efficient and QoS-aware (EEQ) MAC protocol with a duty cycle scheme that adapts the node's duty cycle to the queue size and priority class of a packet to reduce the delay of high priority packets and support time-bounded delivery of priority packets. By checking the queue size and the priority class of packets in the message queue of each node, the node determines whether or not to adjust its duty cycle. In this approach, a node increases the length of its active period in the event of high traffic which provides less waiting time for the packets in the queue. The sender node informs the receiver the duration for which it has to stay awake at the beginning of data transmission, both the sending and the receiver's duty cycle is controlled based on the queue length and the priority of the packets. This approach saves energy and lessen packet latency. Finally, extensive simulation experiments were conducted to evaluate its energy performance within different network topologies. Comparisons with the existing energy-aware MAC protocol verified the effect of EEQ on improving the energy efficiency and extending the lifespan of WSNs.

Highlights

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an array of sensors with the capability of sensing and transmitting real-time data to the sink [1]
The contributions of our work are pointed as follows: 1. This paper proposes a scheduling algorithm that uses an optimized Random Early Detection algorithm to provide low queuing delay for priority packets with an exponential weighted moving average to solve the problem of starvation suffered by low priority classes by keeping the value of the average queue length below the minimum threshold
PROPOSED DUTY CYCLE SCHEME In Energy Efficient and QoS-aware (EEQ) MAC protocol, the node’s duty cycle is varied based on queue size and the priority class of the packet in the message queue of each node

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an array of sensors with the capability of sensing and transmitting real-time data to the sink [1]. We propose a scheme that adaptively adjusts the node’s duty cycle according to the queue length and the priority class of packets This scheme concentrates on ensuring energy saving and minimizing delay by optimising the active period, since most of the energy consumption occurs during that period. A pre-set queue size threshold, constrained to a predetermined value aimed at energy conservation and low end-to-end delay, controls the duty cycle Both analytic and simulation results validates the efficiency of the ADQ’s control-based scheme. PROPOSED DUTY CYCLE SCHEME In Energy Efficient and QoS-aware (EEQ) MAC protocol, the node’s duty cycle is varied based on queue size and the priority class of the packet in the message queue of each node. The scheduler systematically selects high priority packets as long as the queue is not empty and it continues with the medium followed by the low priority packets, and to ensure energy efficiency, the node’s duty cycle is dynamically adjusted according to queue length and the priority class of the packet

DETERMINING THE QUEUE LENGTH

ADJUSTING THE DUTY CYCLE

ENERGY MODEL

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

CONCLUSION