Questionnaires measuring movement behaviours in adults and older adults: Content description and measurement properties. A systematic review.

Bruno Rodrigues,Jorge Encantado,Eduarda Sousa-Sá,Luís Lopes,Dylan Cliff,Eliana Carraça,Rute Santos,Marlene Nunes Silva,Cristina Godinho,Romeu Mendes

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0265100

Abstract

BackgroundSleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity are constituent parts of a 24h period and there are several questionnaires to measure these movement behaviours, the objective was to systematically review the literature on content and measurement properties of self- and proxy-reported questionnaires measuring movement behaviours in adults and older adults.MethodsThe databases PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched until April 2021. Articles were included if: the questionnaires were design for adults and older adults; the sample size for validity studies had at least 50 participants; at least, both validity and test-retest reliability results of questionnaire that were developed specifically to measure the amount of sleep, sedentary behaviour or physical activity, or their combination were reported; and articles had to be written in English, Spanish, French, Portuguese, German, Italian or Chinese.Findings and conclusionsData extraction, results, studies’ quality, and risk of bias were evaluated using the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines. Fifty-five articles were included in this review, describing 60 questionnaires. None of the questionnaires showed adequate criterion validity and adequate reliability, simultaneously; 68.3% showed adequate content validity. The risk of bias for criterion validity and reliability were very low in 72.2% and 23.6% of the studies, respectively. Existing questionnaires have insufficient measurement properties and frequent methodologic limitations, and none was developed considering the 24h movement behaviour paradigm. The lack of valid and reliable questionnaires assessing 24h movement behaviours in an integrated way, precludes accurate monitoring and surveillance systems of 24h movement behaviours.

Highlights

In light of the recent 24h movement behaviour paradigm [1], sleep, sedentary behaviour (SB) and physical activity (PA) are constituent parts of a 24h period that interact and influence health
The electronic databases were searched for variations of the terms ‘PA’, ‘SB’, ‘sleep’, ‘movement behaviours’, ‘questionnaire’ and ‘measurement properties’
To identify and characterize valid and reliable self-reported or proxy-reported questionnaires assessing sleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity, or their combination, the following inclusion criteria were defined: 1) participants were adults ( 18 years) or older adults ( 65 years), living in the community; 2) minimum sample size of 50 participants for validity studies [24]; 3) articles reporting at least, both validity and test-retest reliability results [25] of questionnaire that were developed to measure the amount of sleep, SB or PA, or its combination; 4) articles written in English, Spanish, French, Portuguese, German, Italian or Chinese

Summary

Introduction

In light of the recent 24h movement behaviour paradigm [1], sleep, sedentary behaviour (SB) and physical activity (PA) are constituent parts of a 24h period that interact and influence health. Despite the advantages of objective methods to assess movement behaviours, such as accelerometery (e.g., do not depend on participant recall) in large epidemiological studies and clinical settings, self- or proxy-reported questionnaires are often preferred, given their practicality, simplicity, affordability, and low burden for participants (in terms of time consuming and acceptability) [5–7]. These are capable of gathering valuable contextual information (e.g., domains, settings, types) of the behaviours, that objective measures are unable to [8]. Sedentary behaviour and physical activity are constituent parts of a 24h period and there are several questionnaires to measure these movement behaviours, the objective was to systematically review the literature on content and measurement properties of self- and proxy-reported questionnaires measuring movement behaviours in adults and older adults

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion