Questionnaire Survey of Possible Association of Allergic Diseases with Adverse Reactions to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination.

Hiroki Morimoto,Satoshi Hayano,Yasuaki Ogura,Ayako Ohse,Takahiro Usami,Yoshiki Tokura,Hiroaki Usui,Masahiko Miyachi,Masaki Otsuka,Naoya Ozawa

doi:10.3390/vaccines9121421

Abstract

To protect against COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been widely used. Besides anaphylaxis, some less severe adverse effects may occur at higher frequencies. It remains unclear whether present or past histories of allergic diseases exert effects on local and systemic reactions. We conducted a questionnaire survey among workers in our hospital. We analyzed the adverse effects occurring after the first and second doses of the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine in 955 subjects. The presence or absence of local injection reactions and systemic reactions (headache, fatigability, fever, muscle pain, and joint pain) was questioned. The intensities of these reactions were graded on a scale of 0–4 (except fever) or 0–2 (fever). The allergic diseases that we focused on were bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, pollinosis, and hand eczema. For the systemic reactions, fatigability after the first dose tended to be more severe in the bronchial asthma than in the non-allergic group. Headache, joint pain, and fever tended to be more severe in the food allergy than in the non-allergic group after the second dose. For the local skin reactions, atopic dermatitis subjects tended to show rather less severe local skin reactions after the second dose. The results contribute to the guidelines for the care of individuals with different allergy histories, so that they may safely receive their vaccine.

Highlights

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the highly infectious disease referred to as COVID-19, which gives rise to severe respiratory illness and other various manifestations [1]
These diseases overlapped in the individuals, such as those with bronchial asthma (BA) plus atopic dermatitis (AD), 2.3%; AD plus food allergy (FA), 1.5%; AD plus pollinosis, 7.8%; and AD plus hand eczema, 3.2%
Among the recipients of the first dose, there were no differences in the local injection reactions, including pain, erythema, swelling, and pruritus (Figure 2a–d), between the groups with AD, BA, FA, pollinosis, hand eczema, and no allergic disease

Summary

Introduction

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the highly infectious disease referred to as COVID-19, which gives rise to severe respiratory illness and other various manifestations [1]. Several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have begun to be used worldwide, and it is evident that they can reduce the infection rate, disease severity, and transmission rate and contribute to disease control [2,3]. A vaccine from Pfizer–BioNTech has been approved in many countries and has been used as a leading reagent in Japan. The FDA EUA guidance for both the Pfizer–BioNTech and the Moderna vaccines is to prevent the administration of the vaccine to individuals with a known history of severe allergic reactions, such as anaphylaxis [4]. Careful prevention of anaphylaxis is recommended [5]

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