Abstract

An Institutional Review Board (IRB) is an independent committee in the United States that protects the rights and welfare of human subjects recruited to participate in research. The federal government requires that government-funded research of all types involving human subjects, or their records, must have approval from an IRB. Institutions that receive government funds have, therefore, established IRBs to comply with federal requirements. IRBs review research proposals prior to the commencement of research to ensure that the possible risks to human subjects participating in a study are minimized and justified by the anticipated benefits. IRB-type committees that are in place or are being established in other countries are identified under different names, such as Human Subjects Committee or Human Research Ethics Board.

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