Abstract
Alliance is a type of gathering international forces to enhance national power, as well as prevent or stand up against external threats for national security. From time immemorial, states never stopped seeking and building up their alliances to share common interests. In the Cold war, Vietnam has established strategic alliances with communist states, especially with the Soviet Union and China in order to get international supports for national liberation struggle and unification. It was the international alliance based on Marxist ideology; however, the differences of national interests among them made the Vietnam international alliances face to so many difficulties. Since the Cold war ended, the international system has basically changed considerably. Communism broke up. New international centers of power have appeared. Vietnam’s former strategic alliances based on Marxist ideology hardly existed. Facing this situation, Vietnam began enforcing the foreign policy “diversifying and multilateralizing”, under the motto “making friends with all nations around the world”. This does not mean Vietnam neglects looking for her necessary alliances. International alliances after the Cold war are no longer set up upon ideological background, but based on national interests among the states. In the international nowadays conditions and furthermore , Vietnam will have to seek , sooner or later, some main strategic alliances to consolidate her international position and maintain her independence , sovereignty ; carry out modernizing and industrializing the country. In the current and future international setting, Vietnam, sooner or later, must find herself some wide strategic alliances to strengthen her position in international arena and to consolidate her independence and sovereignty on the way to industrialization and modernization. Choosing strategic alliances, for Vietnam, is all the more important as it ensures security not only for Vietnam but also for Indochina and Southeast Asia.
Highlights
In the Cold war, Vietnam has established strategic alliances with communist states, especially with the Soviet Union and China in order to get international supports for national liberation struggle and unification. It was the international alliance based on Marxist ideology; the differences of national interests among them made the Vietnam international alliances face to so many difficulties
Vietnam began enforcing the foreign policy “diversifying and multilateralizing”, under the motto “making friends with all nations around the world”. This does not mean Vietnam neglects looking for her necessary alliances
In the current and future international setting, Vietnam, sooner or later, must find herself some wide strategic alliances to strengthen her position in international arena and to consolidate her independence and sovereignty on the way to industrialization and modernization
Summary
Đến năm 1965, Mao Trạch Đông lại lộ rõ tư tưởng này trong một cuộc họp Bộ chính trị Ban chấp hành trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Trung Quốc “ Chúng ta phải giành cho được Đông Nam châu Á, bao gồm cả miền nam Việt Nam, Thái Lan, Miến Điện, Ma-lai-xi-a và Sing-ga-po...Sau khi giành được Đông Nam châu Á, chúng ta có thể tăng cường được sức mạnh của chúng ta ở vùng này, lúc đó chúng ta sẽ có sức mạnh đương đầu với khối Liên Xô – Đông Âu, gió đông sẽ thổi bạt gió tây”[12]. Khi tình hình không còn nằm trong tầm kiểm soát của Bắc Kinh nữa, từ năm 1970 trở đi, những nhà lãnh đạo Trung Quốc đã quay mặt phản bội “người đồng minh” Việt Nam của mình, bằng cách bắt tay quan hệ với Mỹ và từ bỏ phe xã hội chủ nghĩa thế giới. Khủng bố, bài xích người Hoa” và đơn phương cắt hết viện trợ cho Việt Nam, rút hết chuyên gia về nước; đến xúi giục, ủng hộ lực lượng Khmer Đỏ xâm lược Việt Nam; sau đó gây ra cuộc chiến tranh Trung – Việt để tạo ra hai gọng kìm chiến lược (hướng tây nam và hướng bắc) hòng khuất phục Việt Nam vào quỹ đạo của Trung Quốc
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