Abstract
T HE INVENTION of printing inaugurated a development in Western civilization which can be succinctly summarized by saying that the focus of literature has shifted more and more from the listening ear to the seeing eye. This development, probably inevitable in any case, has been accelerated by the ever growing flood of printed matter, and by the increasing complexity of Western living, which reduces the amount of time available for our reception of nonutilitarian communication. As a result, there is a tendency to forget, or at least to ignore, the fact that originally all communication was oral: one person spoke and another listened, and all meaning was conveyed by a succession of sounds.
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