Abstract
With the tremendous prosperity of industry, more and more hazardous waste is discharged from industrial production processes. Cresol distillation residue is a typical industrial hazardous waste that causes severe pollution without proper treatment. Herein, the co-pyrolysis of rice husk and cresol distillation residue was studied using thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry and kinetic studies. The Coats and Redfern method was employed to calculate the activation energy. The results indicated that the pyrolysis process of cresol distillation residue and RH/CDR (Rice Husk and Cresol Distillation Residue) blends can be divided into four stages and three stages for RH. The introduction of RH not only improved the thermo-stability of cresol distillation residue at a low temperature but also reduced the activation energy of the blends. The activation energy was the lowest when the proportion of rice husk in the blend was 60%. The main gaseous pyrolysis products included CH4, H2O, C2H2, CO2, C3H6 and H2. There existed an unusual combination of synergistic and inhibitive interactions between RH and cresol distillation residue, respectively, within different temperature ranges. The synergistic interaction decreased the reaction’s activation energy, whereas the inhibitive interaction reduced the emission of main gaseous products, such as CH4 and CO2. It was concluded that the addition of RH was conducive to improving the pyrolytic performance of cresol distillation residue and the resource utilization of cresol distillation residue.
Highlights
IntroductionDistillation processes dominate 60% of separation in the chemical industry [1], but there are ca
We reported an unexpected synergistic effect that combined the high-temperature inhibitive and low-temperature synergistic processes in a sequential manner during the co-pyrolysis of cresol distillation residue and rice husk
Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal gravity (DTG) curves showed a difference in thermal behaviors between rice husk (RH) and cresol distillation residue (CDR) (Figure 1)
Summary
Distillation processes dominate 60% of separation in the chemical industry [1], but there are ca. 2.5 million tons of distillation residues produced in China every year. Distillation residues have been included in the national hazardous waste lists of different countries [2]. Distillation residue is mainly treated by landfill or incineration approaches [3–5]. The landfill of distillation residues generates large amounts of leachate that severely contaminate the soil and underground water [6–9]. The incineration of distillation residues is a high-energy consumption process that produces severe secondary pollution [10,11]. The resource utilization of distillation residues for the production of value-added products seems to be an environment-benign approach [12], but only a handful of papers exist regarding the conversion of distillation residues to diesel and lubricating oil [13]
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