Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) produces a dose-dependent inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication in WISH cells. The antiviral activity of TNF against VSV and EMCV is greatly enhanced by combination with quercetin. Induction of 2′,5′-oligo-adenylate (2-5A) synthetase by TNF is also enhanced by quercetin. Addition of polyclonal antibodies to human interferon (IFN)-β completely blocked both enhancement of antiviral activity and 2-5A synthetase induction.
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