Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP) therapy has diverse health benefits but high doses or prolonged therapy might induce oxidative cellular injuries especially in the brain. Therefore, we conducted the current study to investigate the protective role of quercetin supplementation against the oxidative alterations induced in the brains of rats due to IONPs. Forty adult male albino rats were allocated into equal five groups; the control received a normal basal diet, the IONP group was intraperitoneally injected with IONPs of 50 mg/kg body weight (B.W.) and quercetin-treated groups had IONPs + Q25, IONPs + Q50 and IONPs + Q100 that were orally supplanted with quercetin by doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg quercetin/kg B.W. daily, respectively, administrated with the same dose of IONPs for 30 days. IONPs induced significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) and significantly decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Consequently, IONPs significantly induced severe brain tissue injuries due to the iron deposition leading to oxidative alterations with significant increases in brain creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Furthermore, IONPs induced significant reductions in brain epinephrine, serotonin and melatonin with the downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA) mRNA expressions. IONPs induced apoptosis in the brain monitored by increases in caspase 3 and decreases in B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) expression levels. Quercetin supplementation notably defeated brain oxidative damages and in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, quercetin supplementation during IONPs is highly recommended to gain the benefits of IONPs with fewer health hazards.
Highlights
The levels of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased in the Iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP) group (p < 0.05) while they significantly decreased in IONPs
Dhakshinamoorthy et al [22] demonstrated that iron content was increased significantly in brain tissue of IONP-treated groups compared with the control
We investigated the protective role of quercetin against the toxicity of IONPs in the brains of rats
Summary
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are used for drug targeting, gene delivery, cell labeling, a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging and hyperthermia therapy [1]. It is used as a food additive in iron-fortified drinks and cereals for human consumption [2]. Besides numerous industrial uses in wastewater treatment, gas sensing and semiconductors sorbents lubrications, pigments and coatings [3]. The diverse usage of IONPs induces iron overload and the subsequent initiation of oxidative stress in various organs [4]. Inhalation and dermal penetration are the main routes for the entry of IONPs [5]
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