Quercetin ameliorates gamma radiation-induced DNA damage and biochemical changes in human peripheral blood lymphocytes

Abstract

We investigated the radioprotective efficacy of quercetin (QN), a naturally occurring flavonoid against gamma radiation-induced damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and plasmid DNA. In plasmid study, QN at different concentrations (3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 μM) were pre-incubated with plasmid DNA for 1 h followed by exposure of 6 Gy radiation. Among all concentrations of QN used, 24 μM showed optimum radioprotective potential. To establish the most effective protective concentration of QN in lymphocytes, the cells were pre-incubated with 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 μM of QN for 30 min and then exposed to 4 Gy γ-radiation. The concentration-dependent effects of QN were evaluated by scoring micronuclei (MN) frequencies. The results showed that QN decreased the MN frequencies dose dependently, but the effect was more pronounced at 24 μM. Thus, 24 μM of QN was selected as the optimum concentration and was further used to evaluate its radioprotective effect in lymphocytes. For that a separate experiment was carried out, in which lymphocytes were incubated with QN (24 μM) for 30 min and exposed to different doses of radiation (1, 2, 3 and 4 Gy). Genetic damage (MN, dicentric aberration and comet attributes) and biochemical changes were measured to evaluate the effect of QN on γ-radiations (1–4 Gy). Radiation exposed showed significant increases in the genetic damage and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) accompanied by a significant decrease in the antioxidant status. QN pretreatment significantly decreased the genetic damage and TBARS and improved antioxidant status through its antioxidant potential. Altogether, our findings encourage further mechanistic and in vivo studies to investigate radioprotective efficacy of QN.