Abstract
We describe a protocol to prepare solitons in a quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) box-trapped Bose-Einstein condensate using a quench of the isotropic s-wave scattering length. A quench to exactly four times the initial 1D coupling strength creates one soliton at each boundary of the box, which then propagate in a uniform background density and collide with one another. In the ideal case, no nonsolitonic excitations are created during the quench. The procedure is robust against realistic box shapes, imperfections in the scattering length ramp rate, and a mismatch of the final scattering length. We simulate the condensate in full 3D and propose a modification to the protocol that is effective outside of the strict quasi-1D regime.Received 24 February 2020Revised 29 April 2020Accepted 28 October 2020DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.043256Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasBose gasesBose-Einstein condensatesPhysical SystemsSolitonsAtomic, Molecular & Optical
Highlights
Solitons appear in a variety of physical systems, such as shallow water, nonlinear optics, and interacting BoseEinstein condensates (BECs) [1]
We have proposed and numerically verified a protocol to create solitons in a box using a quench of the coupling strength to four times its initial value
This protocol is seen to be robust to three possible sources of error in 1D
Summary
Solitons appear in a variety of physical systems, such as shallow water, nonlinear optics, and interacting BoseEinstein condensates (BECs) [1]. Bright solitons, which consist of regions of higher than background density, have been formed via quenches to negative scattering lengths [6,7] These methods create excitations that are characteristic of, often not exactly, solitons, and in turn lead to additional excitations. This effect has been mitigated by a recent experimental innovation that imprints both phase and density in the condensate [8]. The ground-state density of a large box-trapped BEC must go from nearly uniform in the center to zero at the edges, and does so such that the wave function looks exactly like half of a black soliton. We turn to a full 3D discussion of the protocol and present a method to offset transverse breathing modes caused during the quench via a simultaneous quench of the strength of the transverse trapping potential [14]
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