Abstract
We induce strong nonlocal interactions in a 2D Fermi gas in an optical lattice using Rydberg dressing. The system is approximately described by a t - V model on a square lattice where the fermions experience isotropic nearest-neighbor interactions and are free to hop only along one direction. We measure the interactions using many-body Ramsey interferometry and study the lifetime of the gas in the presence of tunneling, finding that tunneling does not reduce the lifetime. To probe the interplay of nonlocal interactions with tunneling, we investigate the short-time-relaxation dynamics of charge-density waves in the gas. We find that strong nearest-neighbor interactions slow down the relaxation. Our work opens the door for quantum simulations of systems with strong nonlocal interactions such as extended Fermi-Hubbard models.
Highlights
Ultracold gases are a versatile platform for studying quantum many-body physics [1]
Our results present a new frontier in quantum simulations of itinerant lattice models with strong off-site interactions
The system we consider in this work provides a platform for the experimental realization of models prevalent in theoretical studies of nonequilibrium dynamics
Summary
Ultracold gases are a versatile platform for studying quantum many-body physics [1]. The ability to engineer and control the interactions in these systems has played an important role in observing novel phases of matter including crossover fermionic superfluids [2] and dipolar supersolids [3,4,5] and in studying out-of-equilibrium dynamical processes such as thermalization [6]. These systems may be distinguished from other quantum platforms with long-range interactions including ions [11,12], Rydberg atoms [13], polar molecules in optical tweezers [14,15], and atoms in optical cavities [16], in that the particles are itinerant This motion can lead to an interesting interplay between interactions, kinetic energy, and quantum statistics. We observe that the presence of tunneling in the system has no effect on the lifetime We use this platform to realize a 2D coupled-chain t − V model consisting of interaction-coupled chains and study the short-time-quench dynamics of charge-density wave states, finding that the strong attractive interactions inhibit the motion of the atoms. Our quench results demonstrate experimentally how HSF impacts the short-timerelaxation dynamics for nonzero t=V
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